On behalf of our customers we offer 120 KG holmium oxide 99,0% and 20 KG thulium oxide 99,95%. The goods are in Germany and can be analyzed. A complete documentation is available. An analysis by Institut Fresenius is available.
We are happy to help with a transaction. If you are interested in the goods offered please write us your complete availability by email; We will send you corresponding analysis reports. The negotiations for the purchase lead please personally with the owner.
To Holmium:
The silver-white shiny metal of the rare earths is soft and malleable. Holmium has special magnetic properties. In its ferromagnetic properties it is far superior to iron. At 10,6 μB, it has the highest magnetic moment of any naturally occurring chemical element. It forms magnetic bonds with yttrium. Holmium is relatively stable in dry air; in humid or warm air it tarnishes quickly, forming a yellowish oxide layer. At temperatures above 150 ° C it burns to sesquioxide Ho2O3. It reacts with water to form the hydroxide, producing hydrogen. In mineral acids it dissolves with formation of hydrogen. Its compounds have an oxidation number of +3; the Ho3 + cations form yellow solutions in water. Under special reductive conditions, the oxidation number +2 can also be achieved with the chlorides, e.g. in the holmium (II, III) chloride Ho5Cl11, but the pure holmium (II) chloride does not exist.
Usage
Because of its excellent magnetic properties, Holmium pole shoes are used for high-performance magnets to generate the strongest magnetic fields.
Other applications:
- Magnetic bubble storage using thin-film alloys of holmium iron, holmium nickel and holmium cobalt.
- Control rods in breeding reactors.
- Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG), Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) and Yttrium Lithium Fluoride (YLF) doping for solid-state lasers (Holmium laser with emission wavelength of 2,1μm [7]) and microwave components in medical technology.
- Holmium oxide for the production of yellow glass, among others because of its sharp absorption bands for calibration functions for photometers.
Holmium has no known biological function.
Holmium and holmium compounds are considered to be of low toxicity. Metal dusts are fire and explosive.
To thulium:
The silver-gray metal of the rare earths is very soft, easily stretchable and malleable.
Thulium is quite stable in dry air, but turns gray in moist air. At higher temperatures it burns to form sesquioxide and reacts with water to form hydroxide, producing hydrogen. It dissolves in mineral acids with the formation of hydrogen. Its compounds are in the +3 oxidation state; the Tm3 + cations form pastel-bluish-green solutions in water.
Usage
Use in televisions (to activate the phosphors on the screen) has few commercial applications:
170Tm outsourced from nuclear reactors serves as X-ray source (gamma emitter in materials testing)
Thulium-doped yttrium tantalate or lanthanum oxybromide (LaOBr) serves as a scintillator in X-ray intensifying screens or X-ray screens
Thulium-doped calcium sulfate serves as a detector in personal dosimeters for the measurement of low radiation doses
Thulium crystals can be used as the active medium in diode-pumped solid-state lasers (wavelength 2 μm) with an overall efficiency of up to 10% at maximum 60 W light output.
Thulium-doped silica glass as an active medium in fiber lasers (wavelength 2 µm) was operated with a differential efficiency of 53,2% at a power> 1000 W.
Thulium and thulium compounds are low in toxicity. Thulium dusts are fire and explosive.
